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The recent developments of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and trends in online learning have provided indications that the teaching and learning processes in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms are changing. This paper is aimed at providing the theoretical perspectives on the issue, particularly when the two topics are merged into AI-injected online learning. This paper starts with a general review of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). A brief
history of CALL is presented to see how online learning and artificial intelligence fit in CALL frameworks. Following that is a discussion on online learning and a deeper review of the use of artificial intelligence in language classrooms. Furthermore, the potential problems and their solutions are also reviewed. It is expected that this paper could provide EFL teachers with sound theoretical grounds when integrating AI into their online learning practices.